Brozezeitliche Depotfunde aus Transkarpatien.

Brozezeitliche Depotfunde aus Transkarpatien. JOSIP V. KOBAL'. Brozezeitliche Depotfunde aus Transkarpatien(Ukraine) (Prahistorische Bronzefunde 20:4). viii+236 pages, I figure, 4tables, 114 plates. 2000. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner; 3-515-07182-2hardback DM/SF170 & Sch1241. Dr KLASSEN has conducted a detailed assessment of early coppergoods in the western Baltic region For other uses, see Baltic (disambiguation).The Baltic region is an ambiguous term that refers to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea. . He bases the investigation on thegreat chemical and statistical search, by the Stuttgart team andcolleagues, for `clusters' of products and their sources. Hereviews the chronology of the `clusters' with attention toparticular districts and then to 113 sites and, where known, the detailsof context, before turning to assess the chronologies of types of tool.In the last part of the book, Dr KLASSEN broadens the enquiry toconsider processes of introduction and the social and functionalcontexts of early metal tools and of the stone imitations. Withattention to the wider continental context, he distinguishes threephases in the adoption of copper tools and smithing. There is asubstantial summary in Danish. Dr LIVERSAGE, who is critical of the methods of `the Stuttgartschool', has studied the results of chemical analyses (by P.Northover) of 651 samples from Denmark dating from the Early Bronze Age Bronze Age,period in the development of technology when metals were first used regularly in the manufacture of tools and weapons. Pure copper and bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, were used indiscriminately at first; this early period is sometimes called the to the pre-Roman Iron Age. Bronze `was big business in the BronzeAge', he concludes (p. 85), arguing that certain lodes of copperwere heavily exploited (and see the following title). He acknowledgesthat smelting can affect composition but considers that the consistencyof his results from such a large sample does indicate the mines. DrLIVERSAGE compares his Danish patterns with data from other parts ofEurope. Certain materials remain to be provenanced, including oneintroduced during the Iron Age. Dr PARE's book comprises 18 papers, opening with a long reviewof his own on `the transition to total bronze use' (quoting HughMcKerrel). Although copper had long been used in the east, Britain wasthe first country with `total use' -- and here the`transition' was very quick. Comparing the Middle East and otherparts of Europe, PARE Pa��r��, Ambroise 1517?-1590.French surgeon who made numerous improvements to operating methods, including the ligature of arteries rather than cauterization. suggests that this innovation owed to theavailability of tin and to widespread networks of exchange. He is inagreement with Dr LIVERSAGE that copper was supplied on a large scalebut goes on, in a move like Dr PRICE's argument for`ideology', to consider bronze as currency. He assesses linkagesacross Europe with the Aegean and the principle of diffusion from theMiddle East. The accompanying papers range from technical studies (twoon lead isotope data), to studies of technological organization (miningand distribution), and weights (three papers), discussions of symbolism(e.g., `ritual violence in ... hoards', Minoan inheritance, R.Harrison & A. Mederos and M. Diaz-Andreu & I. Montero mon��te��ro?n. pl. mon��te��rosA hunter's cap with side flaps.[Spanish, hunter, from monte, mountain, from Latin m onsymbolism of material culture in Spain), and a case study of the supplyof copper to Frattesina (M. Pearce). Dr KOBAL' has collated the evidence of Bronze Age hoards fromthe western Ukraine Western Ukraine may refer to: Generally, the territories in the West of Ukraine West Ukrainian National Republic West Ukraine, the Ukrainian part of Kresy , and compares them with hoards from neighbouringcountries. The body of his report is a detailed review of types ofartefact See artifact. , accompanied by a catalogue and illustrations.